The parallels between our invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq with our attempt to control Vietnam are numerous. One of the finest examinations of Vietnam, its history, and our involvement there can be found in Frances Fitzgerald's Fire in the Lake, published in 1972 during the war. She looks at the statements and ideas that motivated our involvement, at the regimes that played themselves out in Vietnam, such as the Ngo family, the detrimental effect of American supplies and money on a small country and its culture, and the failure and absurdity of not only our troop involvement but our attempt to create a democracy where corruption was the norm.
The lessons of Vietnam were partly learned by our military leaders, but not well enough to change our basic attitudes toward the Iraqis and the Afghanis: that Middle Easterners are inferior and need to be taught how to run their own countries. We managed to alienate all elements of the Vietnamese community, and we have similarly alienated most of the Middle East by our intrusions into Iraq and Afghanistan, and our threatened invasion of Iran. Our hard-line policies did not work in Vietnam, a much smaller nation than Iraq, have left Iraq in shambles, and have destroyed most of the support we once had in Afghanistan. We have played into the hands of such as the Taliban and Osama Bin Laden, and have given them cause to build a vast network of hard-core, Islamic terrorists willing to martyr themselves to destroy Americans.
The Vietnamese, similarly, were willing to die for their country, though what bound them was a Marxist sense of order rather than a religious hostility. We Americans, led by ignorant leaders who thought that military might alone could cow a small nation, have made mistakes so obvious in the Middle East that even our greatest supporters there have drawn back from us. We are following the same path that we traveled down in Vietnam; what we will have after a great deal of bloodshed is probably much less than if we had stayed out altogether. The Taliban and Al Qaeda are not popular in the Middle East, and would fold from their own excesses if we were to retire from the field. We've set up puppet governments in Iraq and Afghanistan just as we set up puppet rulers in Vietnam, and the general population would throw them out immediately, were it not for American military might. As Vietnam became a peaceful nation after tossing the French and Americans out, so Iraq and Afghanistan will find a way to settle down peacefully, once they expel all foreign troops. What we have seen in Vietnam is a model or pattern for all such invasions by great powers into small but proud nations, though it's not the nation state that has endured for thousands of years, but a culture far older than ours here in the United States. Much to our amazement, neither the Vietnamese nor the Iraqis or Afghanis have understood that Western democracy and its shopping culture is superior to their own centuries-old traditions, nor have they become more friendly to so-called democratic values after being bombed and murdered en masse by American troops.
Fire in the Lake is an important book, and beautifully written. What we can learn from it makes it invaluable for our decisions today. Send a copy to our local president, or his chief of staff, or his wife.
JIM LECUYER
(Editor's Note: AP reports a record-high 45 American combat deaths in Afghanistan in August 2009,)
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